(2) Characters following a carat (^) were printed in superscript. (3) Side-notes were relocated to function as titles of their respective paragraphs. (4) Macrons and breves above letters and dots below letters were not inserted. (5) [root] stands for the root symbol; [alpha], [beta], etc. for greek letters. (6) The following typographical errors have been corrected: ARTICLE LOTHAIR I.: "He was alternately master of the Empire, and banished and confined to Italy; at one time taking up arms in alliance with his brothers and at another fighting against them ..." 'alternately' amended from 'alternetely'. ARTICLE LOTI, PIERRE: "He proceeded to the South Seas, and on leaving Tahiti published the Polynesian idyll, originally called Rarahu (1880) ..." 'idyll' amended from 'idyl'. ARTICLE LOUIS XIV.: "His numerous descendants seemed at one time to place the succession beyond all difficulty." 'beyond' amended from 'beyong'. ARTICLE LOUVET DE COUVRAI, JEAN BAPTISTE: "They were mainly written in the various hiding-places in which Louvet took refuge, and they give a vivid picture of the sufferings of the proscribed Girondists." 'took' amended from 'rook'. ARTICLE LUGO: "The bishopric dates from a very early period, and it is said to have acquired metropolitan rank in the middle of the 6th century; it is now in the archiepiscopal province of Santiago de Compostela." 'is' amended from 'it'. THE ENCYCLOPÆDIA BRITANNICA ELEVENTH EDITION FIRST edition, published in three volumes, 1768-1771. SECOND " " ten " 1777-1784. THIRD " " eighteen " 1788-1797. FOURTH " " twenty " 1801-1810. FIFTH " " twenty " 1815-1817. SIXTH " " twenty " 1823-1824. SEVENTH " " twenty-one " 1830-1842. EIGHTH " " twenty-two " 1853-1860. NINTH " " twenty-five " 1875-1889. TENTH " ninth edition and eleven supplementary volumes, 1902-1903. ELEVENTH " published in twenty-nine volumes, 1910-1911. COPYRIGHT in all countries subscribing to the Bern Convention by THE CHANCELLOR, MASTERS AND SCHOLARS of the UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE _All rights reserved_ THE ENCYCLOPÆDIA BRITANNICA A DICTIONARY OF ARTS, SCIENCES, LITERATURE AND GENERAL INFORMATION ELEVENTH EDITION VOLUME XVII LORD CHAMBERLAIN to MECKLENBURG New York Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. 342 Madison Avenue Copyright, in the United States of America, 1910, by The Encyclopædia Britannica Company. VOLUME XVII, SLICE I Lord Chamberlain to Luqman ARTICLES IN THIS SLICE: LORD CHAMBERLAIN LÖWE, JOHANN KARL GOTTFRIED LORD CHIEF JUSTICE LOWELL, ABBOTT LAWRENCE LORD GREAT CHAMBERLAIN LOWELL, CHARLES RUSSELL LORD HIGH CHANCELLOR LOWELL, JAMES RUSSELL LORD HIGH CONSTABLE LOWELL, JOHN LORD HIGH STEWARD LOWELL (Massachusetts, U.S.A.) LORD HIGH TREASURER LOWELL INSTITUTE LORD HOWE LÖWENBERG LORD JUSTICE CLERK LÖWENSTEIN LORD JUSTICE-GENERAL LOWESTOFT LORD KEEPER OF THE GREAT SEAL LOWIN, JOHN LORD MAYOR'S DAY LOWLAND LORD PRESIDENT OF THE COUNCIL LOWNDES, THOMAS LORDS JUSTICES OF APPEAL LOWNDES, WILLIAM THOMAS LORDS OF APPEAL IN ORDINARY LOW SUNDAY LORD STEWARD LOWTH, ROBERT LORÉ, AMBROISE DE LOXODROME LORE LOYALISTS or TORIES LORELEI LOYALTY LORETO (Italy) LOYALTY ISLANDS LORETO (Peru) LOYOLA, ST IGNATIUS OF LORIENT LOZENGE LORINER LOZÈRE LORIS LUANG-PRABANG LORIS-MELIKOV, TARIELOVICH LUBAO LORIUM LÜBBEN LÖRRACH LÜBECK LORRAINE LUBLIN (government of Poland) LORTZING, GUSTAV ALBERT LUBLIN (town of Poland) LORY, CHARLES LUBRICANTS LORY LUBRICATION LOS ANDES LUCAN LOS ANGELES LUCANIA LOS ISLANDS LUCARIS, CYRILLUS LOSSIEMOUTH LUCARNE LOSSING, BENSON JOHN LUCAS, SIR CHARLES LÖSSNITZ LUCAS, CHARLES LOST PROPERTY LUCAS, JOHN SEYMOUR LOSTWITHIEL LUCAS VAN LEYDEN LOT (Biblical) LUCCA LOT (Franch river) LUCCA, BAGNI DI LOT (Franch department) LUCCEIUS, LUCIUS LOT-ET-GARONNE LUCCHESINI, GIROLAMO LOTHAIR I. LUCENA (southern Spain) LOTHAIR II. or III. LUCERA (Italy) LOTHAIR (king of France) LUCERNE (Swiss canton) LOTHAIR (king of Lotharingia) LUCERNE (Swiss town) LOTHIAN, EARLS AND MARQUESSES OF LUCERNE, LAKE OF LOTHIAN LUCERNE (plant) LOTI, PIERRE LUCHAIRE, DENIS JEAN ACHILLE LÖTSCHEN PASS LUCHU ARCHIPELAGO...